The research outlined below indicates northern Europe as the Voynich manuscript's origin, and it goes further.
1. Transcription Alphabet - 90 words gleaned using the transcription alphabet in this blog suggest constructions of an old Finno-Ugric origin with a substantial amount of Old Norse. In addition, there is a distinct Slavic influence. (Below is apai, aunt in Udmurt)
2. Female suns The Voynich manuscript with its heliocentric star charts was written 105 years before Copernicus’ publication that posited the sun in the center, causing the Copernican Revolution. That's a dead giveaway that the Voynich was created outside of the scientific canon. Having little to do with astronomy, the Voynich suns represent some core elements of north European mythologies that can be found in Scandinavian, Finno-Ugric, north Germanic, and even to some extent Celtic traditional belief systems. These belief systems go back thousands of years.
5. Head-dresses
6. Spa/Sauna/Banya
7. Held objects: torcs and Seidr staff
8. Folk art motifs similar to those found in Karelia and elsewhere in N. Europe, especially Finnic lands.
9. Seasonal calendar and the Wheel of the Year
10. Architecture
11. Design reminiscent of Sami shamanic drum
12. Plants from northern hemisphere
Bog rosemary, only found in bogs in cold peat-accumulating areas
And Pedicularis flammea found mostly in subarctic regions
13. A congruence between the graphics and translations of the text, which speaks of seasonal folk rites within discrete north European belief systems to bring abundance and protection.
14. Complexion and build of the women
I have observed a connection with fertility in the case of the lizard motif (e.g. Figures 48, 51–52). This fits to the explanation according to which lizard symbolised Earth and the under-world, the world of the dead. From: THE PERMIAN ANIMAL STYLE, Editors Mare Kõiva & Andres Kuperjanov & Väino Poikalainen & Enn Ernits.
16. Rain/water/fertility rituals in northern European folk traditions as documented by Sir James Frazer
17. A plausible, missing piece of provenance tying the manuscript to recorded history
18. Treenware
19. Mention in Legend and History
20. Norse words used throughout manuscript: eller, kor, ella, som, alla
21. Consonant gradation
22, Norse runic glyphs
23. Heliocentric star charts resembling brooches
24. Labels on herbal jars include a base, a fertility booster, a wound salve, and a medicine for liver. Also, the herbs in the jars, are being identified.
25. Nordic names for women being used in the calendars.
26. Correspondence with northern European mythic cosmology.
27. Correspondence of handwriting style with another historical document from northern Europe.
28. Correlations in phraseology to traditional rune songs and chants that use a distinct meter.
29. Folk dance poses.
30. A pronounced absence of symbolism that would indicate any other culture.
23. Heliocentric star charts resembling brooches
24. Labels on herbal jars include a base, a fertility booster, a wound salve, and a medicine for liver. Also, the herbs in the jars, are being identified.
30. A pronounced absence of symbolism that would indicate any other culture.
These various elements within the Voynich manuscript all converge on northern Europe as being the origin.
Ms. Cohen, as one of the followers, I highly appreciate of your researching!
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I cannot agree that there is an absence of symbolic forms found in cultures other than European ones, nor that there is sufficient evidence of 'jars' of such a form having been made in Europe. And so on.
ReplyDeleteBut I do appreciate your picking up on the point of the 'female sun' - I think it is an important cue to the original source(s) from which we have (in Beinecke MS 408) the current late compilation of the materials. You have gone to a great deal of effort to support your initial theory - much more effort than many a person who has published their work in book form. However, without a broader scope to the initial research, I feel that the theory is flawed by the narrowness of its research avenues. We know, for example that there is an informed opinion by a first-rate scholar and expert in medieval herbals that the manuscript was bound in a style that is probably Italian. Nor have you shown any peculiarly Scandinavian quality to the parchment, its dimensions, finish or pigments - a serious problem given that these things are objective criteria and deserve testing against any theory. I feel you also need either to prove the existence of plant-pictures which you label e.g. 'bog rosemary' in the corpus of scandinavian art of a relevant period. This quite apart from the bigger issue of whether or not the drawing was, in fact, meant to convey the impression of that plant.
In short, I appreciate your work and efforts, but feel it might have been better if you had begun by asking more open questions of the object and its contents and put off for rather longer the hazardous effort to explain it all by a single theory.
When I look at the writing in the VM, I find it’s reminiscent of many German characters (in script as opposed to printed) yet it looks as if it may be backwards, as DaVinci kept his notes. As for the plants, who knows what has evoked or gone extinct if we didn’t have an initial record of it? If one had to compare it to something modern, I think this is just as good a suggestion than any.
ReplyDeleteI could also guess that the book could have been purchased in Italy, or from Italy. That would be a valuable gift for any literate person of that era. And there were not a host of book manufacturers to choose from, either.
Thank you for this! It does offer yet another valuable perspective into why this was even created. It’s so very intriguing.